of the of the American Academy of Political and Social Science، Philadelphia، vol. ٣٤٩، PP. ١٦٣-١٨١.

٧٧ Sewell، W. and Shah، v. "١٩٨٠": social Calss Parental Incouragement and Educational Aspriation American Hournal of Sociology، vol. ٣٣، PP. ٥٥٩-٥٧٢.

٧٨ Shaffer، D. "١٩٩": Develpmental Psychology Califormia Wadsworh، Inc.

٧٩ Stern، D.، "١٩٧٤": Mother and Infant at blay; the Dyadic interaction involoving facial and Gaze Behavior. Dans، In Lewis، M. and Ronseblum، L. "١٩٧٧": the Effect of the In fant on its caegiver: The Origins of Behavior، Vol. ١.New York: wiley and Sons.

٨٠ Watson، R. and Lindgern، H. "١٩٧٩": Psychology of the Child and the Adolescent. New York: Macmil-lan Publishing Co.، Inc.

٨١ Whiting، B. "١٩٦٣": Six Cultures Sudies of Child Rearing. New York: Jahn Wiley.

٨٢ Zahn -Waxler، C.، Ridgway، D.، Denham، S.، Usher. B.، and cole، P. "١٩٩٣": Research Strategies for assewssing mother's interpretaios of infants' emotions. In r. Emade، J. Osofsky، and P. Butterfield "Eds."، Parental Percetios of Infant emotions، PP. ٢١٧-٢٣٦. Madisoon، CT: International Universities Press.

٨٣ Olevera -Ezzell، N.، Power، T.، and Cousins، J. "١٩٩٠": Maternal Socialization of Children's Eating Habits: Sterategies used by obese Mexican American Mothers. child Development، ٦١، PP. ٣٩٦-٤٠٠.